EMAF Institute for Consumer Choice

Your Mail. Your Choice. Research Library

A publicly accessible repository of research, data, and resources supporting consumer choice in paper-based communications. Updated periodically as new research becomes available. For research and advocacy purposes only — not legal advice.

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Consumer Preference & Choice

Two Sides North America — 2025 Trend Tracker Survey
Conducted by Toluna, January 2025 | n=12,400 consumers across 17 countries
twosidesna.org/trend-tracker-2025

USPS Household Mail Survey: Mail Use & Attitudes FY2025
Prepared by RCF Economic & Financial Consulting | Filed with the Postal Regulatory Commission, April 2026
https://about.usps.com/what/performance/household-mail-survey/

Lob and PureSpectrum. 2025 State of Direct Mail Consumer Insights Report.
Online survey n=2,000 U.S. adult consumers | April-May 2025.
https://www.lob.com/state-of-direct-mail/consumer-insights/2025-report

Download the One-Pager Americans Want the Right to Choose Paper.

Financial Exposure with Digital Mail

FTC Consumer Sentinel Network — Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book 2024.
State-by-state fraud loss data | Published February 28, 2025; updated March 10, 2025.
https://www.ftc.gov/reports/consumer-sentinel-network-data-book-2024

Two Sides North America — 2025 Trend Tracker Survey
Conducted by Toluna, January 2025 | n=12,400 consumers across 17 countries
twosidesna.org/trend-tracker-2025

Download the One-Pager Financial Exposure with Digital Mail

Mail Matters: Protecting Access for Households Online-Only Policies Leave Behind

Pew Research Center — “What We Know About Internet Use, Smartphone Ownership and Digital Divides in the U.S.”
Published January 8, 2026 | Survey of 5,022 U.S. adults, February–June 2025
https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2026/01/08/internet-use-smartphone-ownership-digital-divides-in-u-s/

Pew Research Center – Mobile Technology and Home Broadband 2021
June 2021
https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/06/03/mobile-technology-and-home-broadband-2021/

U.S. Government Accountability Office – Closing the Digital Divide for the Millions of Americans without Broadband
GAO Blog | February 1, 2023
gao.gov/blog/closing-digital-divide-millions-americans-without-broadband

Pew Research Center — “Americans with Disabilities Less Likely Than Those Without to Own Some Digital Devices”
Published October 2021 | Survey of 1,502 U.S. adults
https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/09/10/americans-with-disabilities-less-likely-than-those-without-to-own-some-digital-devices/

Download the One-Pager Protecting Access for Households Online-Only Policies Leave Behind

Investors Prefer Paper. The Research Is Clear.

Consumer Action. “Paper or Digital? Consumer Action Survey on Paper vs. Electronic Billing.”
Consumer Action News, Winter 2018-2019. Online survey of 2,607 U.S. adults, November 7-27, 2018.
https://www.consumer-action.org/news/articles/paper-or-digital-winter-2018-2019

Two Sides North America. “Paper or Digital Communication: New Two Sides Survey Shows U.S. Consumers Want the Right to Choose.”
Press release, August 16, 2023.
2023 Two Sides Trend Tracker Survey, conducted by Toluna; n=1,000.
https://twosidesna.org/right-to-choose-paper-or-electronic-communication/

Two Sides North America. “2025 Trend Tracker Survey Results for the U.S. and Canada.”
Commissioned by Two Sides; conducted by Toluna, January 2025; n=12,400 consumers across 17 countries.
twosidesna.org/trend-tracker-2025

Download the One-Pager Investors Prefer Paper. The Research Is Clear.

Young Americans and Paper: Gen Z and Millennial Preferences for Physical Mail

United States Postal Service / Summit Research. “Mail & E-Commerce Through the Ages: A USPS Generational Study, 2020–2021.”
Published 2021.
https://uspsdelivers.com/2020-2021-generational-research-report/pdf/USPS_2020_2021_Generational_Research_Report.pdf

Two Sides North America — 2025 Trend Tracker Survey
Conducted by Toluna, January 2025 | n=12,400 consumers across 17 countries
twosidesna.org/trend-tracker-2025

United States Postal Service. “Still Relevant: A Look at How Millennials Respond to Direct Mail.”
USPS Delivers.
https://metroproductions.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Still_Relevant-A_Look_At_How_Millennials_Respond_To_Direct_Mail.pdf

KPMG. “Next Gen Retail The end of greenwashing?”
Next Gen Retail, Volume 3. 2022.
https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmgsites/ie/pdf/insights/retail/ie-next-gen-retail-the-end-of-greenwashing-2.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf

Sustainability Magazine. “Gen Z Generates Demand for Sustainable Supply Chain Practice.”
July 3, 2022.
https://sustainabilitymag.com/supply-chain-sustainability/gen-z-generates-demand-for-sustainable-supply-chain-practice.

Download the One-Pager Young Americans and Paper: Gen Z and Millennial Preferences for Physical Mail

Seniors and the Right to Access Paper Documents

OATS from AARP. “Aging Connected 2025: Closing the Digital Divide for Older Adults.”
October 2025
https://oats.org/press-release-aging-connected-2025/

Pew Research Center. “Share of Those 65 and Older Who Are Tech Users Has Grown in the Past Decade.”
January 13, 2022
https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/13/share-of-those-65-and-older-who-are-tech-users-has-grown-in-the-past-decade/

Federal Trade Commission. Protecting Older Consumers 2024–2025 Report to Congress.
December 2025.
https://www.ftc.gov/reports/protecting-older-consumers-2024-2025-report-federal-trade-commission

Download the One-Pager Seniors and the Right to Access Paper Documents

EMAF Institute for Consumer Choice

Your Mail. Your Choice. Research Library

Consumer Preference & Choice

Financial Exposure with Digital Mail

Mail Matters: Protecting Access for Households Online-Only Policies Leave Behind

Investors Prefer Paper. The Research Is Clear.

Young Americans and Paper: Gen Z and Millennial Preferences for Physical Mail

Seniors and the Right to Access Paper Documents

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